编译|李言
Science, 19 Mar 2026, VOL 391, ISSUE 6791
《科学》2026年3月19日，第391卷，6791期
材料科学Material Sciences
Highly efficient, deep-ultraviolet luminescence in hBN moiré quantum wells
六方氮化硼莫尔量子阱中的高效深紫外发光
▲ 作者：Chengyun Hong, Fangzhou Zhao et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeb2095
▲摘要：
二维范德瓦尔斯半导体（vdW）的扭转堆叠可构建莫尔超晶格，为量子态及其光—物质相互作用的调控提供了前所未有的手段。研究者证明，在两块六方氮化硼单晶块体之间构建简单的扭转界面，即可在三维范德瓦尔斯结构中形成莫尔量子阱。该六方氮化硼莫尔量子阱在光激发和电注入条件下均能强烈束缚载流子。
尽管六方氮化硼为间接带隙材料，该量子阱在215至240纳米的极深紫外波段仍发射出强烈的发光，其强度比目前最先进的常规铝镓氮多量子阱高出一个数量级以上。此外，通过调控扭转角度，可实现莫尔量子阱发光能量与效率的宽范围调谐。
▲ Abstract：
Twisted stacking of two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors creates moiré superlattices, which provides unprecedented control over quantum states and their light-matter interactions. We demonstrate that a simple twist interface between two single-crystalline bulks of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) creates moiré quantum wells (QWs) embedded in a three-dimensional vdW structure. hBN moiré QWs strongly confine charge carriers under both optical excitation and electrical injection. Despite their indirect bandgap, they emit intense deep-ultraviolet luminescence in the extreme wavelength bands from 215 to 240 nanometers, exceeding that of state-of-the-art conventional aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) multiple QWs by more than an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the twist angle control allows wide tunability of luminescence energy and efficiency in moiré QWs.
化学Chemistry
Cross- and branched-selective hydroalkenylation by metal hydride selection
基于金属氢化物选择性的交叉与支链选择性氢烯基化反应
▲ 作者：Chunyu Li, Xu-cheng Gan et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeb2389
▲摘要：
在碳链上精确控制支化位点的构建，是材料、农用化学品及药物合成的核心技术能力。金属氢化物氢原子转移（MHAT）与烯烃的反应是一项重要的基元步骤，因为它能够直接从丰富的α-烯烃出发合成支链产物。MHAT催化还可以与次级过渡金属催化循环耦合，后者原本会生成非支链（直链）产物。然而，MHAT过程中使用的氢化物试剂通常无法区分MHAT催化剂和次级金属，导致金属氢化物混合物及相应的混合产物生成。
研究者证明，通过联用二甲基吡啶鎓盐与锰（一种弱还原剂），可在镍催化剂存在下选择性生成钴氢化物。我们将该条件应用于交叉选择性的烯烃—烯烃偶联反应，以优异的区域选择性合成了高价值的支链产物。
▲ Abstract：
Controlled placement of branch points along carbon chains is a core capability in the synthesis of materials, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) to alkenes represents a valuable elementary step because it accesses branched products directly from abundant α-olefins. MHAT catalysis can also be coupled to secondary transition metal catalytic cycles that would otherwise deliver nonbranched (linear) products. However, the hydridic reagents used in MHAT do not always discriminate between the MHAT catalyst and the secondary metal, leading to mixtures of metal hydrides and, therefore, mixtures of products. In this work, we show that a combination of a lutidinium acid and manganese, a weak reductant, selectively generates cobalt hydrides in the presence of a nickel catalyst. We applied these conditions to a cross-selective alkene-alkene coupling that produces valuable branched materials with exquisite selectivity.
生物学Biology
Host-derived nitrate fuels indole production by Escherichia coli to drive chronic kidney disease progression
来自宿主的硝酸盐为大肠杆菌提供吲哚合成原料，驱动慢性肾病进展
▲ 作者：Jee-Yon Lee, Scott P. Mahan, Thaynara Parente de Carvalho et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady5217
▲摘要：
慢性肾病与粪便中肠杆菌科细菌丰度升高存在关联，但这种菌群变化的生态驱动因素及其对疾病进展的影响尚不明确。尿毒症毒素硫酸吲哚酚由肠道菌群产生的吲哚在肝脏中代谢生成。
研究者发现，在腺嘌呤诱导的慢性肾病小鼠模型中，硫酸吲哚酚清除障碍导致诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因在黏膜中的表达上调。由此引发的肠腔内硝酸盐水平升高，通过硝酸盐呼吸作用促进大肠杆菌增殖。慢性肾病患者粪便菌群在厌氧培养中产生的吲哚量高于健康对照组，但该现象仅在硝酸盐存在时出现。
硝酸盐通过增强大肠杆菌的吲哚生成能力，加剧慢性肾病小鼠的肾脏病理损伤，而抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶可减轻这一效应。
▲ Abstract：
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to an elevated fecal abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, but the ecological drivers of this shift and its impact on disease progression remain unclear. The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate is produced from microbiota-derived indole in the liver. Here, we found that in mice with adenine-induced CKD, impaired clearance of indoxyl sulfate elevated mucosal expression of the gene encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The resulting rise in luminal nitrate levels promoted Escherichia coli growth by means of nitrate respiration. Fecal microbiota from CKD patients generated more indole than feces of healthy controls during anaerobic culture, but only in the presence of nitrate. Nitrate enhanced indole production by E. coli, thereby worsening renal pathology in CKD mice, which was mitigated by iNOS inhibition.
Humans share acoustic preferences with other animals
人类和其他动物有共同的听觉偏好
▲ 作者：Logan S. James, Sarah C. Woolley et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea1202
▲摘要：
许多动物会发出求偶声音，而接收者对某些声音表现出特定偏好。共同祖先与趋同进化可能导致不同物种间产生相似的偏好，这印证了达尔文的猜想：某些动物“与人类有着近乎相同的审美趣味”。
研究者表明，人类与多种动物有共同的听觉偏好，且偏好强度呈正相关。当人类与动物偏好一致时，其反应速度更快。此外，人类与动物在偏好装饰性声音、祖先型声音及低频声音方面的共识最为显著。人类的音乐聆听经历与其偏好存在关联。这些结果支持了“加工偏差塑造听觉偏好”的理论，并证实了达尔文关于自然界审美观察的百年猜想。
▲ Abstract：
Many animals produce courtship sounds, and receivers prefer some sounds over others. Shared ancestry and convergent evolution may generate similarities in preference across species and underlie Darwin’s conjecture that some animals “have nearly the same taste for the beautiful as we have.” In this study, we show that humans share acoustic preferences with a range of animals, that the strength of human preferences correlates with that in other animals, and that humans respond faster when in agreement with animals. Furthermore, we found greatest agreement in preference for adorned, ancestral, and lower-frequency sounds. Humans’ music listening experience was associated with preferences. These results are consistent with theories arguing that biases in processing sculpt acoustic preferences, and they confirm Darwin’s century-old hunch about the conservation of aesthetics in nature.
生态学Ecology
Higher carbon storage in primary than secondary boreal forests in Sweden
瑞典原生林碳储量高于次生林
▲ 作者：Didac Pascual, Gustaf Hugelius et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz8554
▲摘要：
北方森林在全球陆地碳储存与吸收中占据重要地位，但其正快速转变为受管控的次生林，这种转变对生态系统碳储量的影响尚缺乏精确量化。研究者通过对瑞典原生林碳储量进行大规模测绘与野外实测，结合多种方法分析发现：原生林在植被、枯木、土壤及采伐木制品中的总碳储量比受管理的次生林高出约72%（不同方法区间为70%—74%）。
土壤既是最大的碳储库，也是两类森林碳储量差异最显著的组成部分。原生林与次生林之间的总碳储量差值，是此前估算值的2.7至8.0倍。这一结果对当前关于北方森林管理在调控大气二氧化碳浓度方面的历史贡献与未来潜力的评估提出了挑战。
▲ Abstract：
Boreal forests provide considerable global land carbon storage and uptake, but they are being rapidly transformed to managed secondary forests, with poorly quantified implications for ecosystem carbon storage. Here we present data from extensive mapping and field inventories of carbon storage in primary forests in Sweden and use multiple methods to show that primary forests store ~72% (70 to 74% across methods) more carbon than managed secondary forests in vegetation, deadwood, soils, and harvested wood products combined. Soils constitute both the largest carbon store and the largest difference between these forest types. The total carbon storage difference between primary and managed secondary forests is 2.7 to 8.0 times larger than previous estimates. Our results challenge estimated past and future contributions of boreal forest management to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
古人类学Paleoanthropology
A mid-Holocene age for Monte Verde challenges the timeline of human colonization of South America
中全新世年代Monte Verde遗址对南美洲人类殖民时间线提出挑战
▲ 作者：Todd A. Surovell, César Méndez et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw9217
▲摘要：
对南美洲人类殖民时间的认知长期以来以智利的Monte Verde II遗址为锚点。该遗址此前被测定为距今约14500年，被视为最可靠的克洛维斯文化前考古遗址之一。
研究者公布了自首次发掘近50年来对该遗址的首次独立调查。通过对冲积层剖面的放射性碳测年与光释光测年，结合考古层下伏火山灰层被测定为距今11000年的地层证据，研究者认为Monte Verde遗址的年代不可能早于中全新世（距今8200至4200年）。
因此，Monte Verde不再作为殖民时间锚点，修正后的年代学支持人类抵达南美洲的时间更晚这一结论。
▲ Abstract：
Our understanding of the timing of the human colonization of South America has been anchored by the Monte Verde II site in Chile, reported to date to ~14,500 years before the present (B.P.) and regarded as one of the most secure pre-Clovis archeological sites. We report the first independent investigation of Monte Verde in the nearly 50 years since initial excavations. We argue that radiocarbon and luminescence dates from alluvial exposures, in combination with the identification of a tephra dated to 11,000 years B.P. stratigraphically underlying the archaeological component, suggest that Monte Verde cannot be older than the Middle Holocene (8200 to 4200 years B.P.). With colonization no longer anchored by Monte Verde, our revised chronology supports a more recent date of human arrival to South America.
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